Knowledge and Attitudes of Local Populations toward the Conservation of Diurnal Primates: A Case Study of the Douala-Edéa National Park, Cameroon

Abstract

The Douala-Edéa National Park (DENP), located in the Littoral Region of Cameroon, serves as a critical refuge for biodiversity, particularly for several threatened species of diurnal primates. Despite its protected status, anthropogenic pressure remains high, making the involvement of local communities essential for sustainable conservation. This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge among local populations regarding the ecology of diurnal primates and to analyze their attitudes and behaviors toward the conservation measures implemented within the park. The approach is based on household surveys conducted in villages on the park's periphery. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Questionnaires were administered to 130 individuals, consisting of 64.6% men and 35.4% women. A vast majority (96.9%) of respondents were aware of the presence of primates within the Park. However, respondents exhibited contrasting attitudes, often influenced by their level of dependence on forest resources and the impact of crop damage caused by primates. While a large majority (69.5%) agreed with conservation principles, there remains a notable reluctance to abandon hunting. In light of the increasing scarcity of primates such as the Black and Red Colobus, hunting activities continue to rise within the DENP. If no action is taken, certain primate species will be lost along with their ecological, economic, and even cultural benefits. Furthermore, a sense of marginalization among the populations regarding decision-making processes limits the effectiveness of awareness programs. The success of primate conservation in Douala-Edéa depends on a transition toward participatory management. It is recommended to strengthen targeted environmental education and develop economic alternatives to transform negative attitudes into active support for wildlife protection.